Catalog_No	Drug Name/ Product Name	CAS	Product Line	Target	Path	Area	Citation
HY-10219	Rapamycin	53123-88-9	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Autophagy; Bacterial; Endogenous Metabolite; FKBP; Fungal; mTOR	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Immunology/ Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; PI3K/ Akt/mTOR	Cancer	[A1] [A2] [A3] [A4]
HY-100558	Bafilomycin A1	88899-55-2	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bacterial; Proton Pump	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel	Cancer; Infection	[B1] [B2] [B3] [B4] [B5] [B6] [B7] [B8] [B9] [B10]
HY-18739	Phorbol 12- myristate 13- acetate	16561-29-8	Natural Products	NF-κB; PKC; SphK	Epigenetics; Immunology/ Inflammation; NF-κB; TGF-beta/ Smad	Inflammation/ Immunology	[C1] [C2] [C3] [C4] [C5] [C6] [C7]
HY-15142	Doxorubicin (hydrochloride)	25316-40-9	Natural Products	ADC Cytotoxin; AMPK; Antibiotic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bacterial; HBV; HIV; Mitophagy; Topoisomerase	Antibody-drug Conjugate/ ADC Related; Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Cycle/ DNA Damage; Epigenetics; PI3K/Akt/mTOR	Cancer; Infection	[D1] [D2] [D3] [D4] [D5] [D6]
HY-19312	3-Methyladenine	5142-23-4	Natural Products	Autophagy; Endogenous Metabolite; Mitophagy; PI3K	Autophagy; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; PI3K/Akt/ mTOR	Cancer	[E1] [E2] [E3]
HY-W017018	L-Ornithine (hydrochloride)	3184-13-2	Natural Products	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease	Metabolic Disease	[F1] [F2]
HY-B0215	Acetylcysteine	616-91-1	Natural Products	Apoptosis; Endogenous Metabolite; Ferroptosis; Influenza Virus; Reactive Oxygen Species	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease; NF-κB	Infection; Neurological Disease; Cancer	[G1] [G2] [G3] [G4] [G5] [G6] [G7]
HY-B0389	D-Glucose	50-99-7	Natural Products	Bacterial; Endogenous Metabolite	Anti-infection; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease	Metabolic Disease; Cancer	[H1] [H2]
HY-N0682	Pyridoxine (hydrochloride)	58-56-0	Natural Products	Endogenous Metabolite; Keap1- Nrf2	Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease; NF-κB	Neurological Disease; Cancer	[I1]
HY-76082	L-Pyroglutamic acid	98-79-3	Natural Products	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease	Others
HY-22306	β-D-Glucose pentaacetate	604-69-3	Natural Products	Others	Others	Others
HY-B0300	Penicillamine	52-67-5	Natural Products	Drug Metabolite	Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease	Inflammation/Immunology; Cancer	[J1] [J2] [J3] [J4]
HY-B0941	6-Benzylaminopurine	1214-39-7	Natural Products	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease	Others
HY-77591	Cysteamine (hydrochloride)	156-57-0	Natural Products	Apoptosis; Autophagy; Endogenous Metabolite; Reactive Oxygen Species	Apoptosis; Autophagy; Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; NF-κB	Metabolic Disease; Cancer	[K1] [K2]
HY-B0178A	Guanidine (hydrochloride)	50-01-1	Natural Products	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Enzyme/Protease	Metabolic Disease; Cancer	[L1] [L2] [L3] [L4]
HY-10219	Rapamycin	53123-88-9	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Autophagy; Bacterial; Endogenous Metabolite; FKBP; Fungal; mTOR	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Immunology/ Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; PI3K/ Akt/mTOR	Cancer	[M1] [M2] [M3] [M4]
HY-19312	3-Methyladenine	5142-23-4	Natural Products	Autophagy; Endogenous Metabolite; Mitophagy; PI3K	Autophagy; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; PI3K/ Akt/mTOR	Cancer	[N1] [N2] [N3]
HY-18739	Phorbol 12- myristate 13-acetate	16561-29-8	Natural Products	NF-κB; PKC; SphK	Epigenetics; Immunology/ Inflammation; NF-κB; TGF- beta/Smad	Inflammation/ Immunology	[O1] [O2] [O3] [O4] [O5] [O6] [O7]
HY-15142	Doxorubicin (hydrochloride)	25316-40-9	Natural Products	ADC Cytotoxin; AMPK; Antibiotic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bacterial; HBV; HIV; Mitophagy; Topoisomerase	Antibody-drug Conjugate/ ADC Related; Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Cycle/DNA Damage; Epigenetics; PI3K/Akt/mTOR	Cancer; Infection	[P1] [P2] [P3] [P4] [P5] [P6]
HY-100558	Bafilomycin A1	88899-55-2	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bacterial; Proton Pump	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel	Cancer; Infection	[Q1] [Q2] [Q3] [Q4] [Q5] [Q6] [Q7] [Q8] [Q9] [Q10]
HY-12320	Cycloheximide	66-81-9	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Autophagy; DNA/ RNA Synthesis; Ferroptosis; Fungal	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Cycle/ DNA Damage	Infection; Cancer
HY-B0015	Paclitaxel	33069-62-4	Natural Products	ADC Cytotoxin; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Microtubule/ Tubulin	Antibody-drug Conjugate/ ADC Related; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Cycle/ DNA Damage; Cytoskeleton	Cancer	[R1] [R2] [R3] [R4] [R5] [R6] [R7] [R8]
HY-B1743A	Puromycin (dihydrochloride)	58-58-2	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Bacterial; Parasite	Anti-infection	Infection	[S1] [S2] [S3]
HY-B0215	Acetylcysteine	616-91-1	Natural Products	Apoptosis; Endogenous Metabolite; Ferroptosis; Influenza Virus; Reactive Oxygen Species	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; NF-κB	Infection; Neurological Disease; Cancer	[T1] [T2] [T3] [T4] [T5] [T6] [T7]
HY-15371	Forskolin	66575-29-9	Natural Products	Adenylate Cyclase; Autophagy; FXR	Autophagy; GPCR/ G Protein; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease	Cancer; Endocrinology; Metabolic Disease; Inflammation/Immunology	[U1] [U2] [U3] [U4] [U5] [U6] [U7] [U8]
HY-15141	Staurosporine	62996-74-1	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Apoptosis; Bacterial; Fungal; PKA; PKC	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Epigenetics; Stem Cell/ Wnt; TGF-beta/Smad	Cancer; Infection	[V1] [V2] [V3] [V4] [V5]
HY-13966	2-Deoxy-D- glucose	154-17-6	Natural Products	Apoptosis; Hexokinase; HSV	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease	Cancer	[W1] [W2] [W3]
HY-17559	Actinomycin D	50-76-0	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bacterial; DNA/ RNA Synthesis	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Cycle/ DNA Damage	Cancer; Infection
HY-17561	G-418 (disulfate)	108321-42-2	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Bacterial	Anti-infection	Infection	[X1] [X2] [X3] [X4]
HY-B2176	ATP	56-65-5	Natural Products	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease	Metabolic Disease; Inflammation/Immunology	[Y1] [Y2] [Y3] [Y4]
HY-14649	Retinoic acid	302-79-4	Natural Products	Autophagy; Endogenous Metabolite; PPAR; RAR/RXR	Autophagy; Cell Cycle/ DNA Damage; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor	Cancer	[Z1] [Z2] [Z3] [Z4] [Z5] [Z6]
HY-B1756	Rotenone	83-79-4	Natural Products	Apoptosis; Autophagy; Mitochondrial Metabolism	Apoptosis; Autophagy; Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease	Neurological Disease; Cancer	[A-A1] [A-A2] [A-A3] [A-A4] [A-A5]
HY-15144	Trichostatin A	58880-19-6	Natural Products	HDAC	Cell Cycle/DNA Damage; Epigenetics	Cancer	[B-B1] [B-B2] [B-B3] [B-B4]
HY-13629	Etoposide	33419-42-0	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bacterial; Mitophagy; Topoisomerase	Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Cycle/ DNA Damage	Cancer; Infection	[C-C1] [C-C2] [C-C3] [C-C4] [C-C5]
HY-B0579	Cyclosporin A	59865-13-3	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Complement System; Molecular Glues; Phosphatase	Anti-infection; Immunology/ Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; PROTAC	Inflammation/Immunology; Cancer	[D-D1] [D-D2] [D-D3] [D-D4] [D-D5] [D-D6] [D-D7] [D-D8]
HY-100381	Nigericin (sodium salt)	28643-80-3	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Bacterial; NOD-like Receptor (NLR); Potassium Channel	Anti-infection; Immunology/ Inflammation; Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel	Cancer; Infection	[E-E1] [E-E2] [E-E3] [E-E4]
HY-N0583	Hydrocortisone	50-23-7	Natural Products	Endogenous Metabolite; Glucocorticoid Receptor	Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/ Protease; Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology; Endocrinology; Cancer	[F-F1] [F-F2] [F-F3]
HY-16592	Brefeldin A	20350-15-6	Natural Products	Antibiotic; Autophagy; Bacterial; CRISPR/Cas9; HSV; Mitophagy	Anti-infection; Autophagy; Cell Cycle/DNA Damage	Cancer; Infection	[G-G1] [G-G2] [G-G3] [G-G4] [G-G5] [G-G6] [G-G7]
HY-B0141	Estradiol	50-28-2	Natural Products	Bacterial; Endogenous Metabolite; Estrogen Receptor/ ERR	Anti-infection; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor	Endocrinology; Cancer	[H-H1] [H-H2]

---

[A1]. Edwards SR, et al. The rapamycin-binding domain of the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin is a destabilizing domain. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282(18), 13395-13401.
[A2]. Rangaraju S, et al. Rapamycin activates autophagy and improves myelination in explant cultures from neuropathicmice. J Neurosci. 2010 Aug 25;30(34):11388-97.
[A3]. Niu H, et al. Rapamycin potentiates cytotoxicity by RP-56976 possibly through downregulation of Survivin in lung cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Mar 10;30:28.
[A4]. Zhang JW, et al. Metformin synergizes with rapamycin to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett. 2018 Feb;15(2):1811-1816.

---

[B1]. Bowman EJ, et al. Bafilomycins: a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases from microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85(21):7972-7976.
[B2]. Mauvezin C, et al. Bafilomycin A1 disrupts autophagic flux by inhibiting both V-ATPase-dependent acidification and Ca-P60A/SERCA-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy. 2015;11(8):1437-1438.
[B3]. Yuan N, et al. Bafilomycin A1 targets both autophagy and apoptosis pathways in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2015;100(3):345-356.
[B4]. Yoshimori T, et al. Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells. J Biol Chem. 1991;266(26):17707-17712
[B5]. Yuan N, et al. Bafilomycin A1 targets both autophagy and apoptosis pathways in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2015 Mar;100(3):345-56.
[B6]. Lu X, et al. Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the growth and metastatic potential of the BEL-7402 liver cancer and HO-8910 ovarian cancer cell lines and induces alterations in their microRNA expression. Exp Ther Med. 2015 Nov;10(5):1829-1834.
[B7]. Ohkuma S, et al. Inhibition of cell growth by bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1993 Nov;29A(11):862-6.
[B8]. Ohta T, et al. Bafilomycin A1 induces apoptosis in the human pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-1. J Pathol. 1998 Jul;185(3):324-30.
[B9]. Cattani L, et al. Bafilomycin A1 and intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41(1):212-214.
[B10]. Yuan N, et al. Bafilomycin A1 targets both autophagy and apoptosis pathways in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2015 Mar;100(3):345-56.

---

[C1]. Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8
[C2]. Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247.
[C3]. Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(4):555-561.
[C4]. Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154.
[C5]. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14.
[C6]. Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17(5). pii: E679.
[C7]. Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247.

---

[D1]. John L. Nitiss, et al. Targeting DNA topoisomerase II in cancer chemotherapy.Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 May;9(5):338-50.
[D2]. Hee-KyungRhee,et al. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and DNA topoisomerase II inhibitory activity of benzofuroquinolinediones. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Feb 15;15(4):1651-8.
[D3]. P D Foglesong, et al. Doxorubicin inhibits human DNA topoisomerase I. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1992;30(2):123-5.
[D4]. Nesstor Pilco-Ferreto, et al. Influence of doxorubicin on apoptosis and oxidative stress in breast cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol. 2016 Aug;49(2):753-62.
[D5]. Regine Lüpertz, et al. Dose- and time-dependent effects of doxorubicin on cytotoxicity, cell cycle and apoptotic cell death in human colon cancer cells. Toxicology. 2010 May 27;271(3):115-21.
[D6]. Penelope D Ottewell, et al. Antitumor effects of doxorubicin followed by zoledronic acid in a mouse model of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Aug 20;100(16):1167-78.

---

[E1]. Miller S, et al. Finding a fitting shoe for Cinderella: searching for an autophagy inhibitor. Autophagy. 2010 Aug;6(6):805-7.
[E2]. Hou H, et al. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinases promote mitotic cell death in HeLa cells. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35665.
[E3]. Wang X, et al. Acanthopanax versus 3-Methyladenine Ameliorates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting the Autophagic Pathway in Rats.Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:8369704.

---

[F1]. Demura S, et al. Effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on intermittent maximal anaerobic cycle ergometer performance and fatigue recovery after exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Nov;111(11):2837-43.
[F2]. Shin S, et al. l-ornithine activates Ca2+ signaling to exert its protective function on human proximal tubular cells. Cell Signal. 2020 Mar;67:109484.

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[G1]. Halasi M, et al. ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine antagonizes the activity of proteasome inhibitors. Biochem J. 2013 Sep 1;454(2):201-8.
[G2]. Ferrari G, et al. N-acetylcysteine (D- and L-stereoisomers) prevents apoptotic death of neuronal cells. J Neurosci. 1995 Apr;15(4):2857-66.
[G3]. Tsai JC, et al. Induction of apoptosis by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and N-acetylcysteine in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 16;271(7):3667-70.
[G4]. Yan CY, et al. Prevention of PC12 cell death by N-acetylcysteine requires activation of the Ras pathway. J Neurosci. 1998 Jun 1;18(11):4042-9.
[G5]. Farr SA, et al. The antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine reverse memory impairment and brain oxidative stress in aged SAMP8 mice. J Neurochem. 2003 Mar;84(5):1173-83.
[G6]. Kalimeris K, et al. N-acetylcysteine ameliorates liver injury in a rat model of intestinal ischemia reperfusion. J Surg Res. 2016 Dec;206(2):263-272.
[G7]. Garigliany MM, et al. N-acetylcysteine lacks universal inhibitory activity against influenza A viruses. J Negat Results Biomed. 2011 May 9;10:5.

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[H1]. Jin Jiaojiao, et al. D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-lactose non-enzyme quantitative and qualitative analysis method based on Cu foam electrode. Food Chem. 2015 May 15;175:485-93.
[H2]. Ying Liu, et al. Podocyte-Released Migrasomes in Urine Serve as an Indicator for Early Podocyte Injury. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2020 Nov;6(6):422-433.

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[I1]. Li C, et al. Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2018 Jul 30;64(10):119-124.

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[J1]. Chen DB, et, al. Penicillamine increases free copper and enhances oxidative stress in the brain of toxic milk mice. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37709.
[J2]. Rahimi N, et, al. Effects of D-penicillamine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: involvement of nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Oct;39:42-7.
[J3]. Masson MJ, et, al. Tolerance induced by low dose D-penicillamine in the brown Norway rat model of drug-induced autoimmunity is immune-mediated. Chem Res Toxicol. 2004 Jan;17(1):82-94.
[J4]. Ishak R, et, al. Penicillamine revisited: historic overview and review of the clinical uses and cutaneous adverse effects. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013 Jun;14(3):223-33.

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[K1]. Besouw, M., et al., Cysteamine: an old drug with new potential. Drug Discov Today, 2013. 18(15-16): p. 785-92.
[K2]. de Matos, D.G., et al., Effect of cysteamine on glutathione level and developmental capacity of bovine oocyte matured in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev, 1995. 42(4): p. 432-6.

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[L1]. Y Hagihara, et al. Guanidine hydrochloride-induced folding of proteins. J Mol Biol. 1993 May 20;231(2):180-4.
[L2]. Saeed Emadi, et al. A comparative study on the aggregating effects of guanidine thiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride and urea on lysozyme aggregation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Aug 8;450(4):1339-44.
[L3]. G Jung, et al. Guanidine hydrochloride inhibits Hsp104 activity in vivo: a possible explanation for its effect in curing yeast prions. Curr Microbiol. 2001 Jul;43(1):7-10.
[L4]. E C Herrmann Jr, et al. Prevention of death in mice infected with coxsackievirus A16 using guanidine HCl mixed with substituted benzimidazoles. Antiviral Res. 1982 Dec;2(6):339-46.

---

[M1]. Edwards SR, et al. The rapamycin-binding domain of the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin is a destabilizing domain. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282(18), 13395-13401.
[M2]. Rangaraju S, et al. Rapamycin activates autophagy and improves myelination in explant cultures from neuropathicmice. J Neurosci. 2010 Aug 25;30(34):11388-97.
[M3]. Niu H, et al. Rapamycin potentiates cytotoxicity by RP-56976 possibly through downregulation of Survivin in lung cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Mar 10;30:28.
[M4]. Zhang JW, et al. Metformin synergizes with rapamycin to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett. 2018 Feb;15(2):1811-1816.

---

[N1]. Miller S, et al. Finding a fitting shoe for Cinderella: searching for an autophagy inhibitor. Autophagy. 2010 Aug;6(6):805-7.
[N2]. Hou H, et al. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinases promote mitotic cell death in HeLa cells. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35665.
[N3]. Wang X, et al. Acanthopanax versus 3-Methyladenine Ameliorates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting the Autophagic Pathway in Rats.Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:8369704.

---

[O1]. Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8
[O2]. Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247.
[O3]. Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(4):555-561.
[O4]. Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154.
[O5]. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14.
[O6]. Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17(5). pii: E679.
[O7]. Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247.

---

[P1]. John L. Nitiss, et al. Targeting DNA topoisomerase II in cancer chemotherapy.Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 May;9(5):338-50.
[P2]. Hee-KyungRhee,et al. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and DNA topoisomerase II inhibitory activity of benzofuroquinolinediones. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Feb 15;15(4):1651-8.
[P3]. P D Foglesong, et al. Doxorubicin inhibits human DNA topoisomerase I. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1992;30(2):123-5.
[P4]. Nesstor Pilco-Ferreto, et al. Influence of doxorubicin on apoptosis and oxidative stress in breast cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol. 2016 Aug;49(2):753-62.
[P5]. Regine Lüpertz, et al. Dose- and time-dependent effects of doxorubicin on cytotoxicity, cell cycle and apoptotic cell death in human colon cancer cells. Toxicology. 2010 May 27;271(3):115-21.
[P6]. Penelope D Ottewell, et al. Antitumor effects of doxorubicin followed by zoledronic acid in a mouse model of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Aug 20;100(16):1167-78.

---

[Q1]. Bowman EJ, et al. Bafilomycins: a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases from microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85(21):7972-7976.
[Q2]. Mauvezin C, et al. Bafilomycin A1 disrupts autophagic flux by inhibiting both V-ATPase-dependent acidification and Ca-P60A/SERCA-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy. 2015;11(8):1437-1438.
[Q3]. Yuan N, et al. Bafilomycin A1 targets both autophagy and apoptosis pathways in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2015;100(3):345-356.
[Q4]. Yoshimori T, et al. Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells. J Biol Chem. 1991;266(26):17707-17712
[Q5]. Yuan N, et al. Bafilomycin A1 targets both autophagy and apoptosis pathways in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2015 Mar;100(3):345-56.
[Q6]. Lu X, et al. Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the growth and metastatic potential of the BEL-7402 liver cancer and HO-8910 ovarian cancer cell lines and induces alterations in their microRNA expression. Exp Ther Med. 2015 Nov;10(5):1829-1834.
[Q7]. Ohkuma S, et al. Inhibition of cell growth by bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1993 Nov;29A(11):862-6.
[Q8]. Ohta T, et al. Bafilomycin A1 induces apoptosis in the human pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-1. J Pathol. 1998 Jul;185(3):324-30.
[Q9]. Cattani L, et al. Bafilomycin A1 and intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41(1):212-214.
[Q10]. Yuan N, et al. Bafilomycin A1 targets both autophagy and apoptosis pathways in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2015 Mar;100(3):345-56.

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[R1]. Choi YH, et al. Paclitaxel-induced growth arrest and apoptosis is associated with the upregulation of the Cdk inhibitor, p21WAF1/CIP1, in human breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2012 Dec;28(6):2163-9.
[R2]. Dziadyk JM, et al. Paclitaxel-induced apoptosis may occur without a prior G2/M-phase arrest. Anticancer Res. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):27-36.
[R3]. Li Q, et al. Low doses of paclitaxel enhance liver metastasis of breast cancer cells in the mouse model. FEBS J. 2016 Aug;283(15):2836-52.
[R4]. Pan Z, et al. Paclitaxel attenuates Bcl-2 resistance to apoptosis in breast cancer cells through an endoplasmic reticulum-mediated calciumrelease in a dosage dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Feb 13. pii: S0006-291X(13)00259-3.
[R5]. Cadamuro M, et al. Low dose paclitaxel reduces S100A4 nuclear import to inhibit invasion and hematogenous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 2016 Jun 21.
[R6]. Li Q, et al. Low doses of paclitaxel enhance liver metastasis of breast cancer cells in the mouse model. FEBS J. 2016 Jun 16.
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