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Introduction:
Contains the macro- and micronutrients, & vitamins as described by Linsmaier & Skoog (1964).
This medium is the standard Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal salts supplemented with Linsmaier and Skoog vitamins. This is a subsequent optimization of the medium developed by Murashige and Skoog. Linsmaier's research on the optimization of vitamins first described by Murashige as essential. Linsmaier found that certain vitamins were not essential when Thiamine-HCI was optimized from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/L. Linsmaier also noted that folic acid, ρ-aminobenzoic acid, L-glutamine,and ascorbic acid all had a positive influence on the growth of Nicotiana callus but was not as essential as Thiamine-HCI and myo-Inositol.
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| Form: | Powder |
| Appearance: | White to Yellow |
| Application: | Plant Tissue Culture |
| Solubility: | Soluble in Water |
| Typical Working Concentration: | 3.9g/L |
| Storage Temp: | 2-8°C |
| Storage Temp of Stock Solution: | Preparation of concentrated solutions is not recommended as insoluble precipitates may form. |
| Other Notes: | Contains the macro- and micronutrients, vitamins and organic supplements as described by Kao and Michayluk (1975). |
| Formula (mg/L) | |
|---|---|
| Ammonium Nitrate | 600 |
| Boric Acid | 3 |
| Calcium Chloride, Anhydrous | 453 |
| Cobalt Chloride·6H2O | 0.025 |
| Cupric Sulfate·5H2O | 0.025 |
| Na2 EDTA·2H2O | 37.26 |
| Ferrous Sulfate·7H2O | 27.85 |
| Magnesium Sulfate, Anhydrous | 146.55 |
| Manganese Sulfate·H2O | 10 |
| Molybdic Acid (Sodium Salt)·2H2O | 0.25 |
| Potassium Chloride | 300 |
| Potassium Iodide | 0.75 |
| Potassium Nitrate | 1900 |
| Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic | 170 |
| Zinc Sulfate·7H2O | 2 |
| p-Aminobenzoic Acid | 0.02 |
| L-Ascorbic Acid | 2 |
| D-Biotin | 0.01 |
| D-Calcium Pantothenate | 1 |
| Choline Chloride | 1 |
| Citric Acid (Free Acid) Anhydrous | 40 |
| Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) | 0.02 |
| Folic Acid | 0.4 |
| Fumaric Acid | 40 |
| DL-Malic Acid | 40 |
| myo-Inositol | 100 |
| Niacinamide | 1 |
| Pyridoxine·HCl | 1 |
| Pyruvic Acid | 20 |
| Riboflavin | 0.2 |
| Thiamine·HCl | 1 |
| Vitamin A | 0.01 |
| Vitamin D3 | 0.01 |
Application Notes
Plant species: Vicia hajastana (Kao & Michayluk, 1975); Vicia faba (Binding & Nehls, 1978); Daucus carota (Grzebelus et al, 2012).
This medium was originally developed for the culture of Vicia hajastana protoplasts. The culture of low cell densities (1-2 cells/ml) is enhanced when the medium is supplemented with organic acids, sugar alcohols, sugars, plant growth regulators and amino acids. Cell growth and division could also be enhanced by raising the concentrations of calcium chloride from 1 to 5 mM.
References
Binding, H. and Nehls, R. (1978) Regeneration of Isolated Protoplasts of Vicia faba L. Z. Pflanzenpbysiol. 88, 327-332. Grzebelus E, M Szklarczyk & R Baranski (2012) An improved protocol for plant regeneration from leafand hypocotyl-derived protoplasts of carrot.
Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 109:101-109. Kao, KN and MR Michayluk (1975) Nutritional requirements for growth of Vicia hajastana cells and protoplasts at a very low population density in liquid media. Planta 126:105-110.